Goddess Durga
Durga, meaning 'The Invincible', is the principal warrior goddess in Hinduism. She is a powerful form of Goddess Parvati and represents the combined energies of all celestial beings to combat evil and restore Dharma.
Iconography and Symbolism
Durga is traditionally depicted as a beautiful but fierce woman with eight or ten arms, riding a lion or tiger.
- Multiple Weapons: Each of her arms carries a weapon gifted by different gods (e.g., Shiva's Trident, Vishnu's Discus, Indra's Thunderbolt), symbolizing that she possesses all powers.
- Lion/Tiger: Represents power, will, and determination. Her mastery over the beast symbolizes the control of animalistic instincts.
- Mudras: Her hands are often in the Abhaya Mudra (fearlessness), assuring protection to her devotees.
The Legend of Mahishasura
The most famous legend associated with Durga is the slaying of the buffalo demon Mahishasura. When no god could defeat him due to a boon, Durga was created from their collective energy. She fought him for nine days and nights, final slaying him on the tenth day—a victory celebrated as Dussehra or Vijayadashami.
Navadurga (Nine Forms)
During the festival of Navaratri, nine distinct forms of Durga are worshipped:
- Shailaputri
- Brahmacharini
- Chandraghanta
- Kushmanda
- Skandamata
- Katyayani
- Kaalratri
- Mahagauri
- Siddhidhatri
Major Festival
Durga Puja and Navaratri are the most significant festivals dedicated to her. Durga Puja is particularly celebrated with massive artistic installations (Pandals) in West Bengal.
Spiritual Aspect
Durga represents the internal battle within every human being—the struggle between our higher virtues and our lower egoistic desires. She is the 'Mother of the Universe' who protects her children from the 'demons' of ignorance and fear.